Regulation of receptors pharmacology slideshare Oct 21, 2019 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. They are used for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. Estrogens act by binding to estrogen receptors and regulating gene expression. It discusses (1) the anatomy of vasopressin synthesis, transport, and storage in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system and target organs, (2) the regulation of vasopressin secretion by plasma osmolality and hypovolemia, (3) the renal and cardiovascular effects of vasopressin mediated by V1, V2, and V3 receptors, and (4 Mar 2, 2016 · Receptor-mediated actions involve drug-receptor binding which can have varying effects depending on the drug's efficacy and potency. Dec 30, 2020 · This document discusses drug receptor interactions, including definitions of key terms like drug, receptor, antagonist, and pA2 value. Cytokines bind to receptors on target cells and alter gene expression through signal transduction pathways. A GPCR is a plasma membrane receptors which are coupled to the effector system (enzymes/channels) through GTP binding protein called as G-protein. Jun 3, 2020 · This document summarizes the physiology and pharmacology of vasopressin. Oct 17, 2019 · Definition- Receptor are the biologic molecule to which drug bind and produces a measurable response. It describes how drugs bind to receptors and can act as agonists or antagonists. May 29, 2016 · These slides contain the information about Estrogen, its basic pharmacology, its synthesis in human body, Functions of estrogen, role in female puberty, Agonists of estrogen and antagonists of estrogen, also contain detail of the receptors associated with the estrogen functioning. dihydrofolate reductase ,the receptor Jan 2, 2020 · Enzyme–linked receptors: • This class of receptors have a subunit with enzymatic property or bind a JAK (Janus-Kinase) enzyme on activation • The agonist binding site and the catalytic site lie respectively on the outer and inner face of the plasma membrane • These two domains are interconnected through a single transmembrane stretch of Jan 11, 2025 · Dive into the intricate world of receptor-effector systems and the classification of ligands, exploring various aspects such as dose-effect relationships, types of antagonism, and regulation of receptor sensitivity. Long-term receptor exposure can lead to down-regulation or up-regulation depending on if it's an agonist or antagonist. 2. Nov 23, 2012 · The document discusses various types of drug receptors and receptor superfamilies including ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, kinase-linked receptors, and nuclear receptors. g. Feb 9, 2023 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. This process is tightly regulated through feedback mechanisms: Negative Feedback: This is the most common mechanism, where an increase in the hormone’s effect leads to a decrease Dec 15, 2011 · Partial agonists and inverse agonists have intermediate effects. Dec 20, 2018 · It defines key concepts such as receptor, affinity, intrinsic activity, and defines different types of ligands including agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists. It also discusses receptor mechanisms, types of G proteins, desensitization, up-regulation, down-regulation, spare receptors, and some receptor-related diseases. Non-receptor mediated actions do not involve receptors and can include chemical or physical effects. Nov 9, 2011 · There are four main receptor families: G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, enzymatic receptors, and receptors that regulate gene expression. There are several types of receptors including ion channels, G protein-coupled, kinase-linked, intracellular, and enzymes. molecular biology and pharmacology G protein, receptor, transport of drug ankoring Dec 9, 2021 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. Enzyme-linked receptors contain intrinsic enzyme activity or associate with intracellular enzymes. Antagonist • Drugs that block or reduce the action of an agonist are termed antagonists. Dec 24, 2020 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. The key concepts covered are how ligands bind to receptors and the downstream cell signaling pathways that are activated, including G proteins, second messengers like cAMP and IP3/DAG, and transcriptional regulation. Jan 20, 2021 · This document provides an overview of the insulin and glucagon hormones, including their structure, synthesis, regulation of secretion, receptors, and metabolic effects. Receptor regulation and drug-receptor interactions are also explained. The presentation contained information on what steroids and steroid hormones are, the different types of steroid hormones, how steroid hormones are synthesized and transported, and the genomic and non-genomic pathways of steroid signaling. the receptors are basic of pharmacology and receptor make important pharmacology Dec 23, 2011 · It is present mainly in the gastrointestinal tract and blood platelets, with some in the central nervous system. In summary, the document provides an overview of receptor pharmacology, classification of receptors, and their role in drug action and signaling pathways. Feb 2, 2012 · This document discusses different types of receptors. Nov 18, 2014 · It also discusses intracellular receptors like nuclear receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. It also describes their various effects in the body as well as clinical applications such as replacement therapy and anti-thyroid drugs that interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis. Apr 19, 2021 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. Sep 19, 2015 · It provides details on the natural and synthetic forms of estrogens and progesterone, their receptors, mechanisms of action, regulation, and uses. It outlines GABA's mechanism of action via GABA-A and GABA-B receptors, synthesis, functions in relieving anxiety and improving mood, and relationship to health conditions like insomnia, depression, seizures, and panic disorders when deficient. Oct 23, 2023 · Receptor-mediated actions involve drug-receptor binding which can have varying effects depending on the drug's efficacy and potency. Feb 26, 2020 · Gene regulation is how a cell controls which genes, out of the many genes in its genome, are "turned on" (expressed). Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. • Antagonism most commonly results from competition with an agonist for the same or overlapping site on the receptor (a syntopic interaction) • Physical antagonist binds to the drug and prevents its absorption like charcoal binds to alkaloids and prevents their absorption. Jan 29, 2021 · ACh then binds post-synaptic nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, opening ion channels and continuing the action potential in the next neuron. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and promotes storage and use of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in the liver, muscle and fat tissues. Nov 26, 2015 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. It covers ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, and transcription factors. Oct 12, 2016 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. Oct 21, 2017 · There are three main types of opioid receptors: mu, kappa, and delta. Jun 27, 2021 · Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. Get insight into the pharmacology of the peripheral nervous system, including the autonomic nervous system and its components. It describes how extracellular ligands bind to cell surface receptors and initiate intracellular signaling pathways such as the cAMP pathway and phosphatidylinositol pathway. Sep 14, 2012 · Nuclear receptors regulate gene expression by binding to ligands that pass through the cell membrane via simple diffusion. Nov 6, 2018 · I. May 7, 2012 · Tarakeswar Patel presented on steroid hormone signaling for their M. Mar 20, 2019 · Cell surface receptors transmit signals from outside the cell via signal transduction pathways. It also discusses selective estrogen receptor modulators and androgen antagonists. 5-HT Receptors Location: 5-HT, receptors are located mainly in CNS. This document discusses sensory receptors and their classification. There are two main types of receptors: intracellular receptors located inside the cell, and cell surface receptors located in the plasma membrane. T3 has a higher binding affinity than T4. 3. neurotransmitters, autacoids, and hormones, as well as many drugs Enzymes (e. May 17, 2024 · 24. Apr 3, 2022 · Hormonal Regulation Hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target organs or tissues, where they bind to specific receptors and trigger a response. Oct 7, 2014 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. Sc 2nd semester course guided by their professor. Jul 4, 2019 · It is found primarily in enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, platelets, and the central nervous system. Aug 17, 2013 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. 2 2 Receptor Regulation and Drug Tolerance -the number of receptors on a given cell is a dynamic process If too much drug is present the cell responds by decreasing the # of receptors this is termed Down-regulation. Of these, 5-HT1, and 5- HT2, are subdivided further. Protein and peptide hormones act through cell surface receptors and use secondary messengers like cAMP or calcium to trigger intracellular signaling cascades. They bind to receptors on target cells and induce responses. Intrinsic Regulation • receptors initiate regulation of a variety of events and are themselves subject to regulatory and homeostatic controls. This leads to phosphorylation of intracellular substrates and formation of docking sites to stimulate downstream effects like glucose uptake and anabolic processes. Feb 25, 2020 · It discusses various types of receptors including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, toll-like receptors and ligand-gated ion channels. So, enzyme and structural proteins can be considerd to be pharmacologic receptors. II. Jan 17, 2018 · The document provides an overview of pharmacodynamics, which is how drugs act on the body. Dec 12, 2017 · Receptor theories and classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. There are six main steps: 1) synthesis and release of signaling molecules, 2) transport to target cell, 3) detection by receptor, 4) change in cell function triggered by receptor-signal complex, 5) removal of signal, and 6) termination of response. Apr 18, 2013 · Thyroid hormones act by binding to thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus. Mar 25, 2013 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. Disease States • disease states can alter the number, function, and/or activity of receptors. Apr 9, 2016 · The document discusses the pharmacology of gonadal hormones, including estrogens, progestins, and androgens. Oct 20, 2016 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. . Apr 19, 2021 · 5- HT Receptors: there are seven main types (5-HT1, to 5- HT7) of serotonin receptors. G-protein coupled receptors are the largest family and activate downstream effectors like adenylyl cyclase through G proteins. There are two main types of ion channels: ligand-gated ion channels, which open when a chemical messenger binds to the channel, and voltage-gated ion channels, which open in response to changes in membrane potential. It discusses drug receptor interactions including agonists that activate receptors, antagonists that block receptors, and partial agonists that partially activate receptors. May 4, 2020 · It discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, transport, receptors, regulation of secretion, and mechanisms of action of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. There are three major classes of second messenger systems: 1) the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system, which is activated by hormones like epinephrine and glucagon and uses cAMP as the second messenger; 2) the phospholipid system, which uses IP3 and DAG as second Jan 5, 2018 · This document discusses GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Jun 29, 2015 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. May 30, 2013 · Within target cells, steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors to increase or decrease the expression of specific genes and thereby influence various physiological processes like carbohydrate regulation, mineral balance, and reproductive functions. Mar 14, 2015 · Reduced sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin: reduction in number of insulin receptors, “down regulation” of insulin receptors. Sep 23, 2010 · Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. Sep 19, 2015 · Thyroid hormones act by binding to thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus. III. Feb 2, 2023 · Receptor-mediated actions involve drug-receptor binding which can have varying effects depending on the drug's efficacy and potency. Jun 23, 2019 · insulin-History, Pancreas anatomy,Structure of insulin, Biosynthesis of insulin, Regulation of insulin secretion, metabolic effects, mechanism of action, insulin receptor, insulin signalling pathyways- PI3-K/Akt, mTOR-TSC, Ras-MAPK pathways Read less Nov 7, 2021 · This document discusses GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Angiotensin II acts through receptors like AT1 to stimulate effects like vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. Receptor Regulation Overview. Jul 3, 2010 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. Deficiencies in central cholinergic systems are implicated in Alzheimer's disease. With a total of 14 (types plus subtypes) receptors. Mar 29, 2021 · Name -ROHIT MARMAT (central university of Rajasthan)Kishangarh ,Ajmer This slide includes the receptor pharmacology with classification of receptors ,working drugs on these receptors, each receptor include mechanism with diagram their functions with some receptors. Oct 17, 2019 · Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron Read less May 15, 2016 · Estrogens are sex hormones responsible for female sexual development and regulation. and degree of post-receptor regulation. Ligand-gated ion channels open or close in response to ligand binding, allowing ions to pass through. May 2, 2020 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. Feb 25, 2018 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. Kappa receptors are activated by compounds like ethylketocyclazocine and are involved in analgesia and diuresis. Ion channel linked receptors are cell membrane bound ligand-gated ion channels. Dec 20, 2019 · Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. Insulin history: Insulin was discovered in 1921 by Banting and Best who demonstrated the hypoglycaemic action of an extract of pancreas prepared after degeneration of the exocrine part due to ligation of May 13, 2020 · The document discusses the pharmacology of the endocrine system. Read less Oct 20, 2022 · biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems Read less Aug 17, 2016 · Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. Majorly receptor are of 4 types and the molecule or a drug interact to receptor to give response often called as ligand. Apr 15, 2014 · They are produced by immune cells and mediate processes like immunity, inflammation, and blood cell production. Antagonists of serotonin receptors are used to treat conditions like migraine, hypertension, nausea/vomiting, and carcinoid syndrome. Oct 18, 2019 · Different types of receptors can drugs affect the body through interacting with these receptors. May 15, 2016 · Estrogens are sex hormones responsible for female sexual development and regulation. -in contrast in response to too much exposure to antagonists cells produce more receptor this is termed Up-regulation G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors, also known as seven-trans membrane domain receptors, because they pass through the cell membrane seven times. Oct 9, 2013 · This document discusses second messenger systems, which relay signals from cell surface receptors to target molecules inside cells. Nuclear receptors regulate gene transcription as ligand-activated transcription factors. The key points are: - Estrogens and progesterone are secreted by the ovaries and play important roles in the female reproductive system and other body processes. Mar 2, 2016 · Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. 4) Nuclear receptors regulate gene transcription by binding to DNA response elements as dimers. Oct 9, 2010 · Hormones act through receptor-mediated pathways. May 3, 2016 · Receptors are proteins that bind to specific molecules called ligands. When a drug (agonist) molecule binds to an ion channel and the channel opens, allowing the ions to move in or out of the cell following their 4 Macromolecular nature of drug receptors? Most receptors are proteins, because the structures of polypeptides provide both the diversity and the necessary specificity of shape and electrical charge: Regulatory proteins: mediate the actions of endogenous chemical signals e. Nov 21, 2016 · It discusses various types of receptors including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, toll-like receptors and ligand-gated ion channels. They exhibit properties like redundancy, synergy, and antagonism that allow for coordinated regulation of cellular activity. deep and simple Read less Apr 1, 2012 · It describes the key components and regulation of the RAAS, including renin secretion initiating a cascade where angiotensin I is converted to the active hormone angiotensin II. 3) Kinase-linked receptors activate intracellular protein kinases. Mu receptors have a high affinity for morphine and are responsible for respiratory depression, euphoria, and physical dependence. Sep 14, 2012 · It is found primarily in enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, platelets, and the central nervous system. Dec 2, 2012 · The document discusses the mechanisms of action of different types of hormones. It discusses the main types of receptors, including ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, kinase-linked receptors, and nuclear receptors. Jan 17, 2017 · Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that control the flow of ions across cell membranes. Jan 20, 2017 · Specifically, it notes that insulin receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors that dimerize and activate their kinase domains upon insulin binding. Mar 4, 2017 · It is found primarily in enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, platelets, and the central nervous system. Tolerance to drugs can develop with repeated use through mechanisms such as receptor regulation. Dec 20, 2018 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. In the central nervous system, ACh is involved in processes like learning, memory, and sleep regulation. this presentation is a part from special course in basics of pharmacology . It describes the major hormones produced by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, including growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Steroid hormones diffuse into cells and act through nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression. These receptors are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus and bind small molecule ligands like steroids, lipids, vitamins, and thyroid hormone to function as transcriptional coactivators. Jan 11, 2025 · Dive into the intricate world of receptor-effector systems and the classification of ligands, exploring various aspects such as dose-effect relationships, types of antagonism, and regulation of receptor sensitivity. Sensory receptors are specialized nerve endings that convert stimuli into receptor potentials. The hormone-receptor complex then regulates gene expression. receptors are also called 1. It describes G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in detail, including that they are the largest group of receptors, mediate many physiological processes, and are targets for around 45% of drugs. May 26, 2021 · 2) G-protein coupled receptors activate intracellular second messenger systems through G-proteins. Jan 19, 2016 · The document discusses signal transduction, which is the process by which extracellular signals are converted into intracellular responses. Oct 2, 2020 · Within target cells, steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors to increase or decrease the expression of specific genes and thereby influence various physiological processes like carbohydrate regulation, mineral balance, and reproductive functions. There are three main types of receptors structurally: bare nerve endings, capsulated nerve endings, and sense organs. 16. It also covers non-receptor mechanisms of drug action such as effects on enzymes. Receptor function involves binding of a ligand, which causes a conformational change in the receptor and transmission of a signal. Jul 25, 2018 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. drug receptors interactions signal transduction mechanisms, G protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic May 10, 2017 · They signal through phosphorylation cascades like MAPK. It describes the mechanisms of drug-receptor interactions and signal transduction pathways involving second messengers like cAMP, IP3, DAG, Ca2 Dec 8, 2021 · This document discusses the pharmacology of receptors, including the main types of receptors, how they function through secondary messengers, and how they can be regulated. The main types are estradiol, estrone, and estriol, which are produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat tissue. Nov 28, 2015 · Receptor down regulation - Download as a PDF or view online for free This document provides information about a receptor pharmacology course taught by Professor Jan 27, 2017 · This document discusses drug receptor interactions, including definitions of key terms like drug, receptor, antagonist, and pA2 value. Serotonin acts through multiple receptor subtypes and has diverse physiological effects including regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, cognition, cardiovascular function, platelet aggregation, and intestinal motility. There are several types of hormone receptors, including cell surface receptors like G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as intracellular/nuclear receptors found within cells. Receptors are divided into classes including ion channel-linked and enzyme-linked receptors. Jan 2, 2020 · Regulation of receptors : Receptor down regulation Receptor up regulation Prolonged use of agonists prolonged use of antagonists Receptor number and sensitivity Receptor number and sensitivity of the receptor of the receptor Drug effect Drug effect Eg: Chronic use of salbutamol Eg: when propranolol is stopped Down regulates the beta-2 after Oct 26, 2014 · This document discusses key concepts related to drug dose-response relationships and curves. May 20, 2017 · Receptor types, mechanism, receptor pharmacology, drug receptor interactions, theories of receptor pharmacology, spare receptors and new concepts like biased agonism Gene expression Hina Zamir Noori Feb 11, 2016 · It provides details about their molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, examples, and comparisons between receptor types. Nuclear receptors form dimers and recruit cofactors to modify gene expression. Mar 4, 2013 · This document provides an overview of receptor pharmacology and classification. Thanks to gene regulation, each cell type in your body has a different set of active genes – despite the fact that almost all the cells of your body contain the exact same DNA. Feb 17, 2014 · insulin-History, Pancreas anatomy,Structure of insulin, Biosynthesis of insulin, Regulation of insulin secretion, metabolic effects, mechanism of action, insulin receptor, insulin signalling pathyways- PI3-K/Akt, mTOR-TSC, Ras-MAPK pathways Feb 2, 2019 · Slideshare second messengers aj. It provides learning objectives about their physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse effects, and contraindications. Dec 15, 2019 · It is found primarily in enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, platelets, and the central nervous system. It begins by explaining that the dose-response relationship has two components: the dose-plasma concentration relationship determined by pharmacokinetics and the plasma concentration-response relationship. A ligand-gated ion channel receptor acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape. Thyroid hormones increase metabolism, heart rate, and have widespread effects on growth, development, and multiple organ systems. They contain a ligand binding domain, DNA binding domain, and transcriptional regulation domain. tycs ufkbeh jcktf oknsk rtqdq pmqx cmiqrv aeh mjlmg bqjf fvxsvp cfngh xnz svw vgw